Pope Leo XIV’s France visit: The pontiff has begun a four-day state visit with AI and clergy-abuse repair on the agenda, meeting Macron at the Élysée before stops including UNESCO, Notre-Dame and a youth prayer vigil in Paris expected to draw around 600,000 people. Middle East energy security: Macron says France will deploy troops, radar and air-defence systems to protect Saudi Arabia’s Yanbu Red Sea oil hub as Houthi attacks raise pressure on global supplies. Italy integration crackdown: Italy’s government approved a ban on burqas and niqabs in schools and capped non-Italian-speaker pupils at 30%, with fines for violations aimed at preventing “ghetto-like” classrooms. Switzerland neutrality vote: Swiss voters are set to decide whether to reinterpret neutrality, with a proposal that would restrict sanctions unless backed by the UN Security Council. Germany climate and politics: A study estimates heatwaves cost Germany about €25bn via lost productivity and absences, while students plan protests over moves toward renewed conscription. Spain energy push: Spain awarded €265m for pumped-hydro storage projects, backing nearly 4.1GW/49.9GWh across multiple regions. Security and migration: Morocco says it will cooperate with Spain to return migrants held in Ceuta, while Bosnia-linked investigations trace abused gun permits into wider European criminal networks.